Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) was an American essayist, poet, and philosopher, and a leading figure of the transcendentalist movement. His ideas emphasized individualism, self-reliance, and a deep connection to nature, which he articulated in his essays and lectures. Notable works include “Nature,” “Self-Reliance,” and “The American Scholar.” Emerson’s thoughts on personal growth and intellectual independence have had a lasting impact on American philosophy and literature. He was influential in mentoring and inspiring other key figures, including Henry David Thoreau.